DomainKeys is an e-mail authentication system designed to verify the DNS domain of an e-mail sender and the message integrity.
So, if you are using external software hosted elsewhere or on your machine to send email, the recipient mail server can check the domain key at the domain host to see if the software is allowed to be sending email on the servers behalf.
So, it's for externally sent email primarily.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DomainKeys